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A 12-row/80-column IBM punched card from the mid-twentieth century. A punched card (also punch card [1] or punched-card [2]) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes. Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines.
A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...
A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards. A computer card punch is a computer output device that punches holes in cards. Sometimes computer punch card readers were combined with computer card punches and ...
Numeric columns have one punch in rows 0-9, possibly a sign overpunch in rows 11-12, and can be sorted in a single pass through the sorter. Alphabetic columns have a zone punch in rows 12, 11, or 0 and a digit punch in one of the rows 1-9, and can be sorted by passing some or all of the cards through the sorter twice on that column.
The IBM 513, 514 and 519 all operated at 100 cards per minute, [8] and their operations were directed by a removable control panel that was known as a plugboard. [9] As with other IBM punched card devices that operated as automatic punches, cards are fed "face down, 12-edge first.".
Chads from punched cards.Each chad is about 3 mm (1 ⁄ 8 in) long. Votomatic [1] voting machines of the type used in the 2000 election in Florida The chip (chad) receiver from a UNIVAC key punch Pouring chads from a jar at the Computer History Museum Asymmetrical chad produced by a railroad ticket punch
The 407 read punched cards, totaled fields on the cards, made simple decisions, printed results, and, with the aid of a summary punch, output results on punched cards that could be input to other processing steps. The operation of the 407 was directed by the use of a removable control panel and a carriage tape.
It is called an overpunch because the digit in that column has a 12-punch or an 11-punch above it to indicate the sign. The top three rows of the card are called zone punches , [ 3 ] and so numeric character data which may contain overpunches is called zoned decimal .
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