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  2. Instrument flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_flight_rules

    A clearance always specifies a clearance limit, which is the farthest the aircraft can fly without a new clearance. In addition, a clearance typically provides a heading or route to follow, altitude, and communication parameters, such as frequencies and transponder codes. In uncontrolled airspace, ATC clearances are unavailable.

  3. CRAFT (aviation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRAFT_(aviation)

    The initial altitude is sometimes stated on the charts. If not, it will be given by the air traffic controller. The departure frequency is given to the pilot when ATC hands the aircraft over to the next sector. A typical IFR clearance would be: OOABC, cleared to Ostend via the DENUT 7C departure, climb flight level six zero, squawk four six ...

  4. Minimum obstacle clearance altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_obstacle_clearance...

    The MOCA seen on the NACO en route chart, may have been computed by adding the required obstacle clearance (ROC) to the controlling obstacle in the primary area or computed by using a TERPS chart if the controlling obstacle is located in the secondary area. This figure is then rounded to the nearest 100 foot increment, i.e. 2,049 feet becomes ...

  5. Minimum crossing altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_crossing_altitude

    In aviation, a minimum crossing altitude (MCA) is the lowest altitude at which a navigational fix can be crossed when entering or continuing along an airway that will allow an aircraft to clear all obstacles while carrying out a normal climb to the required minimum en route IFR altitude (MEA) of the airway in question beyond the fix.

  6. Minimum en route altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_en_route_altitude

    Minimum en route altitude (MEA), [1] alternately spelled as Minimum enroute altitude, [2] is the lowest published altitude between radio navigation fixes that assures acceptable navigational signal coverage (see MRA) and meets obstacle clearance requirements (see MOCA) between those fixes. The definition given here is that of the United States ...

  7. Standard instrument departure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure

    A SID clearance is issued to the pilot based on a combination of the destination, the first waypoint in the flight plan, and the takeoff runway used. A standard instrument departure procedure consists of a number of waypoints or fixes, which may either be given by their geographical coordinates or be defined by radio beacons , such as VOR or ...

  8. Automatic terminal information service - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Terminal...

    The letter progresses through the alphabet with every update and starts at alpha after a break in service of twelve hours or more. When contacting the local control unit, pilots indicate their information <letter>, where <letter> is the ATIS identification letter of the ATIS transmission the pilot received. This helps the ATC controller verify ...

  9. Flight plan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_plan

    Flight plans are highly recommended, especially when flying over inhospitable areas such as water, as they provide a way of alerting rescuers if the flight is overdue. In the United States and Canada, when an aircraft is crossing the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ), either an IFR or a special type of VFR flight plan called a DVFR ...