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In phonetics and phonology, a retroflex stop is a type of consonantal sound, made with the tongue curled back and in contact with area behind the alveolar ridge or with the hard palate (hence retroflex), held tightly enough to block the passage of air (hence a stop consonant).
The voiced retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Marathi [2] हाड [haːɖ] ...
The voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia .
Additionally, there is ळ ḷa (IPA: or ), the intervocalic lateral flap allophone of the voiced retroflex stop in Vedic Sanskrit, which is a phoneme in languages such as Marathi, Konkani, Garhwali, and Rajasthani. [56] Beyond the Sanskritic set, new shapes have rarely been formulated.
Whether the actual place of articulation of this sound was truly retroflex or was dental (and just orthographically represented as a retroflex nasal) is debated. Regardless, this sound regularly becomes Hindustani dental n later on (but intervocalically, the sound becomes ṇ in other languages like Marathi, Gujarati, and Punjabi). [8]
Marathi used to have a /t͡sʰ/ but it merged with /s/. [4]Some speakers pronounce /d͡z, d͡zʱ/ as fricatives but the aspiration is maintained in /zʱ/. [4]A defining feature of the Marathi language is the split of Indo-Aryan ल /la/ into a retroflex lateral flap ळ (ḷa) and alveolar ल (la).
Historically, the retroflex lateral approximant (ळ /ɭ/ ) existed in Vedic Sanskrit and was lost in Classical Sanskrit.Today the Indo-Aryan languages in which it exists are Marathi and Konkani (ळ), Oriya (ଳ), Gujarati (ળ), most varieties of Rajasthani, Bhili, some dialects of Punjabi language (ਲ਼), most dialects of Western Pahari, Kumaoni, Haryanavi, and the Saharanpur dialect of ...
Ḷa (ळ) is an additional Devanagari character originally used for an allophone of the voiced retroflex stop in Vedic Sanskrit, and current represents the lateral flap that occurs in Marathi, Konkani, Garhwali, and Rajasthani.