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Refractive surgery is an optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses. This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement.
The remaining lens cortex (outer layer of lens) material from the capsular bag is also carefully aspirated, using an irrigation-aspiration phaco probe or a bimanual system, while leaving the posterior capsule intact. If considered necessary, the remaining epithelial cells from the capsule are removed by capsular polishing.
Cataract surgery is the most common application of lens removal surgery, and is usually associated with lens replacement. It is used to remove the natural lens of the eye when it has developed a cataract, a cloudy area in the lens that causes visual impairment .
The lenses are first cleaned, and then loaded into a fixture. The fixture, containing a large number of lenses, is placed in the coating machine. After finishing the process the glass lenses are removed from the holder and the holder is cleaned by sand-blasting or other techniques.
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Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes [ 1 ] and laser communication systems to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion , in microscopy, [ 2 ] optical fabrication [ 3 ] and in retinal imaging systems [ 4 ] to reduce optical ...
A simple zoom lens system. The three lenses of the afocal system are L 1, L 2, L 3 (from left). L 1 and L 2 can move to the left and right, changing the overall focal length of the system (see image below). There are many possible designs for zoom lenses, the most complex ones having upwards of thirty individual lens elements and multiple ...
Edward Oakley Thorp (born August 14, 1932) is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack researcher. He pioneered the modern applications of probability theory , including the harnessing of very small correlations for reliable financial gain.