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ViaGen began by offering cloning to the livestock and equine industry in 2003, [20] and later as ViaGen Pets included cloning of cats and dogs in 2016. [21] ViaGen's subsidiary, start licensing, owns a cloning patent which is licensed to their only competitor as of 2018, who also offers animal cloning services. [22] (Viagen is a subsidiary of ...
This technique is currently the basis for cloning animals (such as the famous Dolly the sheep), [30] and has been proposed as a possible way to clone humans. Using SCNT in reproductive cloning has proven difficult with limited success. High fetal and neonatal death make the process very inefficient.
Since scientists produced the first cloned mammal Dolly the sheep in 1996 using the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique, 23 mammalian species have been successfully cloned, including cattle, cats, dogs, horses and rats. [4] Using this technique for primates had never been successful and no pregnancy had lasted more than 80 days.
Cases of MRSA have increased in livestock animals. CC398 is a new clone of MRSA that has emerged in animals and is found in intensively reared production animals (primarily pigs, but also cattle and poultry), where it can be transmitted to humans. Although dangerous to humans, CC398 is often asymptomatic in food-producing animals. [110]
One approach to this technology is the creation of a transgenic mammal that can produce the biopharmaceutical in its milk (or blood or urine). Once an animal is produced, typically using the pronuclear microinjection method, it becomes efficacious to use cloning technology to create additional offspring that carry the favorable modified genome ...
Animals are generally much harder to transform and the vast majority are still at the research stage. Mammals are the best model organisms for humans. Livestock is modified with the intention of improving economically important traits such as growth rate, quality of meat, milk composition, disease resistance, and survival.
A Boran cattle bull was cloned at the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi. [29] In July 2016 scientists at the National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza in Chachapoyas, Peru cloned a Jersey cattle by handmade cloning method using cells of an ear of a cow. The first Peruvian clone was called "Alma CL-01".
The first transgenic livestock were produced in 1985 [28] and the first animal to synthesise transgenic proteins in their milk were mice, [29] engineered to produce human tissue plasminogen activator in 1987. [30]