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Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is an inherited eye disease that causes severe color blindness, poor visual acuity, nystagmus, hemeralopia, and photophobia due to the absence of functional red (L) and green (M) cone photoreceptor cells in the retina. BCM is a recessive X-linked disease and almost exclusively affects XY karyotypes.
Dystrophy of the light-sensing cells of the eye may also occur in the rods as well, or in both the cones and the rods. A type of rod-cone dystrophy—where rod function decline is typically earlier or more pronounced than cone dystrophy—has been identified as a relatively common characteristic of Bardet–Biedl Syndrome. [1]
Red cone monochromacy (RCM), also known as L-cone monochromacy, is a condition where the blue and green cones are absent in the fovea. Like GCM, the prevalence of RCM is also estimated at less than 1 in 1 million. Cone Monochromats with normal rod function can sometimes exhibit mild color vision due to conditional dichromacy.
Those with normal color vision should be able to see a green "74" on an orange background. Those with red–green color blindness may see the number "21" or no number at all, with the green and red hues appearing much more similar, if not indistinguishable. Specialty: Ophthalmology: Symptoms: Reduced color distinction along red-green axis ...
The four pigments in a bird's cone cells (in this example, estrildid finches) extend the range of color vision into the ultraviolet. [1]Tetrachromacy (from Greek tetra, meaning "four" and chroma, meaning "color") is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color information, or possessing four types of cone cell in the eye.
M cones, the second most common type, respond most strongly to yellow to green medium-wavelength light, peaking at 530 nm, and make up about a third of cones in the human eye. S cones respond most strongly to blue short-wavelength light, peaking at 420 nm, and make up only around 2% of the cones in the human retina.
Cone dystrophy and achromatopsia, affecting the cones in the retina, and the anti-epileptic drug trimethadione are typical causes. Adie's pupil , which fails to constrict in response to light; aniridia , which is absence of the iris; and albinism , where the iris is defectively pigmented, may also cause this.
Visual snow syndrome is often linked to heightened neural sensitivity in the visual system and may require diagnosis and treatment, as it could be associated with underlying eye conditions or neurological disorders. [citation needed] In summary: Visual snow as a temporary occurrence under certain conditions is normal and doesn't require ...