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A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.
Some vehicles use other starter batteries. For weight savings, the 2010 Porsche 911 GT3 RS has a lithium-ion battery as an option; [20] from 2018 onward, all Kia Niro conventional hybrids feature one as well. [21] Heavy vehicles may have two batteries in series for a 24 V system or may have series-parallel groups of batteries supplying 24 V. [22]
Deep-cycle batteries are also used as auxiliary batteries in recreational vehicles, but they require different, multi-stage charging. Discharging below 50% can shorten the battery's life. [ 36 ] Flooded batteries require inspection of electrolyte levels and occasional replacement of water, which gases away during the normal charging cycle.
In most cases, manufacturers use lithium cobalt oxide on the cathode side of the battery and lithium-carbon compounds on the anode. Cobalt. Cobalt is used in batteries for two main reasons. First ...
Cell capacity is up to 25 mAh at 3.8 V, [36] making it suitable for small mobile devices such as earbuds, but not for electric vehicles. Lithium-ion cells used in electric vehicles typically offer 2,000 to 5,000 mAh at a similar voltage: [37] an EV would need at least 100 times as many of the Murata cells to provide equivalent power.
Lithium-ion batteries, which are rechargeable and have a high energy density, differ from lithium metal batteries, which are disposable batteries with lithium or its compounds as the anode. [ 160 ] [ 161 ] Other rechargeable batteries that use lithium include the lithium-ion polymer battery , lithium iron phosphate battery , and the nanowire ...
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