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Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), integrated coastal management (ICM), or integrated coastal planning is a coastal management process for the management of the coast using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability.
Alternatively, integrated coastal zone management approaches may be used to prevent development in erosion- or flood-prone areas, reducing the need to address the changes. Growth management can be a challenge for local authorities who must provide the infrastructure required by new residents. [7]
In December 1993, several integrated coastal management (ICM) pilot sites were established, including Xiamen [3] (PR China) and Batangas Bay [4] (Philippines), which helped start efforts in addressing marine pollution problems in the Straits of Malacca and Straits of Singapore; and increasing capacity development in the regions of Cambolia, China, DPR Korea, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand ...
The 1st European Coastal Conservation Conference 1991, organised by the EUCC and the Dutch government, was the start of the development of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) as a policy approach. It led to the EC Demonstration Programme and to the adoption of the European Council and Parliament Recommendation on ICZM in 2002.
The concept of Freshwater Shoreline Management evolved from ideas developed for the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), which emerged from the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. [2] In Canada, a coastal zone management plan was completed by 1996 using the ICZM framework. [3]
The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA; Pub. L. 92–583, 86 Stat. 1280, enacted October 27, 1972, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1451–1464, Chapter 33) is an Act of Congress passed in 1972 to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans (CZMPs). This act was established as a United States National policy to preserve ...
The Coastal Zone Management Program was created by the Coastal Zone Management Act [2] (October 27, 1972). It provides grants to eligible states and territories as an incentive to prepare and implement plans guiding the use of coastal lands and resources. Thirty-four of the 35 eligible states and territories are implementing federally approved ...
Facing future climate risks, coastal protection increasingly integrates landscape-based prevention measures. [28] The German government aims to enhance synergies between "hard" and "soft" coastal protection measures by means of the Integriertes Küstenzonenmanagement approach (Integrated Coastal Zone Management, IKZM).