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The Zertifikat Deutsch (ZD) is an internationally recognized exam of German language ability. It tests for a level of ability equivalent to level B1 in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) scale. [ 1 ]
The Deutsches Sprachdiplom der Kultusministerkonferenz (engl.: German Language Certificate of the Education Ministers Conference) is an official German language certificate of the German education authorities and the Foreign Office (Germany) certifying levels of knowledge of the German language in schools worldwide.
In addition, at A2, A2-B1, B1 and B2 CEFR levels candidates can take a 'School' exam which is specially designed for pupils aged about 12 to 16. At A2-B2, B1, B1-B2, B2 and B2-C1 CEFR levels candidates can take 'Business' exams which are designed especially for learners who wish to prove their language competence in various everyday business ...
The Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (German for German language examination for university entrance, DSH for short) is a language proficiency test required for entry to a German university and to undertake all classes in the German language.
An intergovernmental symposium in 1991 titled "Transparency and Coherence in Language Learning in Europe: Objectives, Evaluation, Certification" held by the Swiss Federal Authorities in the Swiss municipality of Rüschlikon found the need for a common European framework for languages to improve the recognition of language qualifications and help teachers co-operate.
The exams use different topics and content: B1 Preliminary is targeted at the interests and experiences of adult learners, while B1 Preliminary for Schools is designed specifically for school-aged students and is informed by research into how children develop language skills.
The Goethe-Zertifikat C2: Großes Deutsches Sprachdiplom (formerly Zeugnis über die Zentrale Oberstufenprüfung) is a Goethe-Institut certificate proving high-level German language ability.
The six most common definitions of the exponential function = for real values are as follows.. Product limit. Define by the limit: = (+).; Power series. Define e x as the value of the infinite series = =! = + +! +! +! + (Here n! denotes the factorial of n.