Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
Nephrotoxicity, nausea and vomiting (30-100%), myelosuppression, electrolyte anomalies, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity and anaphylaxis, haemolytic anaemia (rare), optic neuritis (rare), reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome (rare), seizures (rare), ECG changes (rare) and heart failure (rare).
The scarring of the small blood vessels, called capillary sclerosis, is the initial lesion of analgesic nephropathy. [7] Found in the renal pelvis, ureter, and capillaries supplying the nephrons, capillary sclerosis is thought to lead to renal papillary necrosis and, in turn, chronic interstitial nephritis.
Historically, vancomycin has been considered a nephrotoxic and ototoxic drug, based on numerous case reports in the medical literature following initial approval by the FDA in 1958. But as its use increased with the spread of MRSA beginning in the 1970s, toxicity risks were reassessed.
Proteinuria of greater than 3.5 g /24 h /1.73 m 2 (between 3 and 3.5 g/24 h /1.73 m 2 is considered to be proteinuria in the nephrotic range) or greater than 40 mg/h/m 2 in children. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The ratio between urinary concentrations of albumin and creatinine can be used in the absence of a 24-hour urine test for total protein.
Potential side effects include angioedema, nephrotoxicity, and low blood pressure. [10] It was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 2015, [11] [12] [13] [7] and in Australia in 2016. [1] In 2022, it was the 165th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.
The drug is able to be excreted in the urine. [7] Side effects ... superinfection, eosinophilia, nephrotoxicity, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, ...
Loop diuretics usually have a ceiling effect whereby doses greater than a certain maximum amount will not increase the clinical effect of the drug. Also, there is a threshold minimum concentration of loop diuretics that needs to be achieved at the thick ascending limb to enable the onset of abrupt diuresis.