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The general definition of a qubit as the quantum state of a two-level quantum system.In quantum computing, a qubit (/ ˈ k juː b ɪ t /) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.
The purpose of quantum computing focuses on building an information theory with the features of quantum mechanics: instead of encoding a binary unit of information (), which can be switched to 1 or 0, a quantum binary unit of information (qubit) can simultaneously turn to be 0 and 1 at the same time, thanks to the phenomenon called superposition.
Conversions between units in the metric system are defined by their prefixes (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000 grams, 1 milligram = 0.001 grams) and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10 −6 metre).
99.944 (1 qubit max) 98.25 (2 qubits median) 99.1 (2 qubits max) 20 October 9, 2023 [33] 16 [34] M Squared Lasers: Maxwell Neutral atoms in optical lattices 99.5 (3-qubit gate), 99.1 (4-qubit gate) [35] 200 [36] November 2022: Oxford Quantum Circuits Lucy [37] Superconducting 8 2022: Oxford Quantum Circuits OQC Toshiko [38] Superconducting 32 ...
[1] [2] A logical qubit is a physical or abstract qubit that performs as specified in a quantum algorithm or quantum circuit [3] subject to unitary transformations, has a long enough coherence time to be usable by quantum logic gates (c.f. propagation delay for classical logic gates). [1] [4] [5]
Example: The qubit is measured, and the result of this measurement is a Boolean value, which is consumed by the classical computer. If measures to 1, then the classical computer tells the quantum computer to apply the U gate on .
A 5-qubit code is the smallest possible code that protects a single logical qubit against single-qubit errors. A generalisation of the technique used by Steane , to develop the 7-qubit code from the classical [7, 4] Hamming code , led to the construction of an important class of codes called the CSS codes , named for their inventors: Robert ...
[1] The qutrit is analogous to the classical radix-3 trit, just as the qubit, a quantum system described by a superposition of two orthogonal states, is analogous to the classical radix-2 bit. There is ongoing work to develop quantum computers using qutrits [2] [3] [4] and qudits in general. [5] [6] [7]