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Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a gram positive, beta-haemolytic, coccal bacterium belonging to the family Streptococcaceae.It is capable of infecting both humans and animals, but is most frequently encountered as a commensal of the alimentary tract, genital tract, or less commonly, as a part of the skin flora.
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis is a species of Streptococcus, initially described by Frost in 1936. [1] As a result of several DNA hybridization studies in 1983, the species was merged into Streptococcus dysgalactiae. [2]
The strains of Streptococcus, including S. canis, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, S. suis, and mammalian S. agalactiae, maintained in domestic animals are widely distributed and their presence follows the hosts that they reside in. [20] Regional variations in the predominant serotypes of S. suis may impact ...
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. canis [20] is the predominant subspecies encountered. It is a particularly common GGS in humans, although it is typically found on animals. S. phocae is a GGS subspecies that has been found in marine mammals and marine fish species.
Though there are many groups of streptococci, the principal organisms that are known to cause human disease belong to group A (Streptococcus pyogenes), group B (Streptococcus agalactiae), group C/G (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) both members of group D (Streptococcus gallolyticus and Streptococcus infantarius, both members of the Streptococcus ...
However, both Streptococcus dysgalactiae and the Streptococcus anginosus group can possess group A antigen as well. Group A streptococci, when grown on blood agar, typically produce small (2–3 mm) zones of beta-hemolysis, a complete destruction of red blood cells. The name group A (beta-hemolytic) Streptococcus is thus also used. [1]
Streptolysin O is an oxygen-sensitive cytotoxin secreted by most Group A streptococcus (GAS) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae; it interacts with cholesterol in the membrane of eukaryotic cells (mainly red and white blood cells, macrophages, and platelets), usually resulting in β-hemolysis under the surface of blood agar. Streptolysin S is an ...
FasX has also been found in species of group D and group G Streptococcus. FasX regulates expression of secreted virulence factor streptokinase (SKA), encoded by the ska gene. FasX base pairs to the 5' end of the ska mRNA , increasing the stability of the mRNA, resulting in elevated levels of streptokinase expression. [ 2 ]