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True leukonychia: These white spots originate from the nail matrix (where your nail grows) and appear on the nail plate, says Dr. Lal. These spots do not disappear with pressure.
Also known as "true" leukonychia, this is the most common form of leukonychia, in which small white spots appear on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters. Besides parakeratosis, air that is trapped between the cells may also cause this appearance. [5] It is also caused by trauma.
Risk factors [ edit ] Advancing age (usually over the age of 60) is the most common risk factor for onychomycosis due to diminished blood circulation , longer exposure to fungi, nails which grow more slowly and thicken, and reduced immune function increasing susceptibility to infection. [ 13 ]
White lines across the nail (leukonychia striata, or transverse leukonychia) may be Mees' lines or Muehrcke's lines. Small white patches are known as leukonychia punctata. Dark nails are associated with B 12 deficiency. Stains of the nail plate (not the nail bed) are associated with smoking and henna use.
Absence of lunula, splinter hemorrhage, and half and half nails were significantly more common in hemodialysis patients, while leukonychia was significantly more common in transplant patients. [ 1 ] : 785 [ 3 ] : 659
Onychomadesis is defined by the nail plate's detachment from the matrix, its continuous connection to the nail bed, and, frequently but not always, shedding. [4] Beau lines are transverse ridges on the nail plates. [5]
Nail clubbing, also known as digital clubbing or clubbing, is a deformity of the finger or toe nails associated with a number of diseases, anomalies and defects, some congenital, mostly of the heart and lungs.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease that causes mineralization of elastic fibers in some tissues. The most common problems arise in the skin and eyes, and later in blood vessels in the form of premature atherosclerosis.