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Finding a mean concentration of 5,099 ppt of PFOS and 1,309 ppt of PFOA in Clark's Marsh in Oscoda, Michigan nearby WAFB. [65] MDEQ also found PFOS concentrations in fish as high as 9,580,000 ppt, resulting in the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) issuing a "Do Not Eat" advisory for all species of fish in Clark's Marsh ...
Serum PFOA levels in fluorochemical workers are generally below 20,000 ng/mL but have been reported as high as 100,000 ng/mL, whereas the mean PFOA concentration among non-occupationally exposed cohorts in the same time frame was 4.9 ng/mL.
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; conjugate base perfluorooctanoate; also known colloquially as C8, for its 8-carbon chain structure) is a perfluorinated carboxylic acid produced and used worldwide as an industrial surfactant in chemical processes and as a material feedstock.
The EPA estimates thousands of PFAS are already in the U.S. environment and can be found in drinking water, soil, food, household items such as carpets and cookware, and more.
Generally, however, these guidelines agree that highly processed foods contain high amounts of total and added sugars, fats, and/or salt, low amounts of dietary fiber, use industrial ingredients ...
By the 1970s, 3M was aware of the environmental dangers of PFAs [citation needed] and began their "Pollution Prevention Pays", preventing over 2.5 million tons of waste from entering landfills. Since then, 3M has continued to use PFAs in a variety of products, with Scotchgard being the most well known and commercially lucrative. [ 4 ]
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a non-enforceable health advisory for PFOA in 2016. The agency's health advisory level for the combined concentrations of PFOA and PFOS is 70 parts per trillion (ppt). [22] [23] In June 2020 the State of New Jersey published a drinking water standard for PFOA, the first state to do so.
PFOS have many general uses such as stain repellents but have many properties which can make it a dangerous due to the fact that PFOS can be highly resistant to environmental breakdown. PFOS can be toxic in terms of increased offspring death, decrease in body weight, and the disruption of neurological systems.