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  2. Marine biodiversity of South Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biodiversity_of...

    A marine protected area of South Africa is an area of coastline or ocean within the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Republic of South Africa that is protected in terms of specific legislation for the benefit of the environment and the people who live in it and use it. [15]

  3. Pre-colonial trade routes in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-colonial_trade_routes...

    In West Africa, the trans-Saharan trade routes connected the rich gold-producing regions around the Niger River with North Africa and the Mediterranean. This connection allowed West African empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai to flourish as they traded gold, salt, ivory, and slaves for goods from the Mediterranean world, such as textiles and ...

  4. Economics of biodiversity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_biodiversity

    An important ecosystem function associated with biodiversity is pest control. [23] Control species can suppress pest populations and reduce loss of crop yields without the negative impacts of chemical pesticides. [24] This has economic benefits and maintaining natural pest control is important to humanity's ability to grow crops. [25]

  5. Economic history of Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Africa

    Walter Rodney, a specialist on the Upper Guinea Coast, countered that European demand for slaves had vastly increased the economic importance of the slave trade in West Africa, with catastrophic effects. Rodney, who was active in Pan-African independence movements, accused Fage of whitewashing the role of Europeans in Africa; Fage responded by ...

  6. Marine coastal ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_coastal_ecosystem

    Ecologists are increasingly recognizing the important effects that cross-ecosystem transport of energy and nutrients have on plant and animal populations and communities. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] A well known example of this is how seabirds concentrate marine-derived nutrients on breeding islands in the form of feces (guano) which contains ~15–20% ...

  7. Water scarcity in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity_in_Africa

    Local girls from Babile (Ethiopia) fill plastic water containers at the area's main water source.. Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of water-stressed countries of any other place on the planet and of an estimated 800 million people who live in Africa, 300 million live in a water stressed environment. [5]

  8. Hydrocynus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocynus

    The different species tigerfish are among the most important and popular game fish species in Africa and as a result they are an important asset to the various tourist industries. They are also one of the most important components of commercial freshwater catches in Africa. [7]

  9. River valley civilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_valley_civilization

    A river valley civilization is an agricultural nation or civilization situated beside and drawing sustenance from a river. A river gives the inhabitants a reliable source of water for drinking and agriculture. Some other possible benefits for the inhabitants are fishing, fertile soil due to annual flooding, and ease of transportation.