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In this sense, the term "specific ability" is used to describe whether an agent has an ability in a specific situation. So while an expert piano player always has the general ability to play various piano pieces, they lack the corresponding specific ability if they are chained to a wall, if no piano is present or if they are heavily drugged.
The mass term ability refers to components of competence acquired through a combination of both aptitude and skills. According to Gladwell (2008) [ 2 ] and Colvin (2008), [ 3 ] it is often difficult to set apart the influence of talent from the influence of hard training in the case of outstanding performances.
Eidetic memory (/ aɪ ˈ d ɛ t ɪ k / eye-DET-ik), also known as photographic memory and total recall, is the ability to recall an image from memory with high precision—at least for a brief period of time—after seeing it only once [1] and without using a mnemonic device.
Horn notes that crystallized ability is a "precipitate out of experience," resulting from the prior application of fluid ability that has been combined with the intelligence of culture. [9] Examples of tasks that measure crystallized intelligence are vocabulary, general information, abstract word analogies, and the mechanics of language. [7]
Cognitive ability and intelligence cannot be measured using the same, largely verbally dependent, scales developed for humans. Instead, intelligence is measured using a variety of interactive and observational tools focusing on innovation, habit reversal, social learning, and responses to novelty.
Sentience is the ability to experience feelings and sensations. [3] It may not necessarily imply higher cognitive functions such as awareness , reasoning , or complex thought processes. Sentience is an important concept in ethics , as the ability to experience happiness or suffering often forms a basis for determining which entities deserve ...
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In this stage the idea of decentration is introduced as a cognitive ability (decentration is the ability to take into account the way others perceive various aspects of a given situation). [29] Another developmental perspective-taking theory was created by Robert L. Selman and called social perspective-taking theory (or Role-taking theory).