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Esterification is the general name for a chemical reactionin which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials, and often have a pleasant characteristic, fruity odor.
Ortho esters are readily hydrolyzed in mild aqueous acid to form esters: . RC(OR ′) 3 + H 2 O → RCO 2 R ′ + 2 R ′ OH. For example, trimethyl orthoformate CH(OCH 3) 3 may be hydrolyzed (under acidic conditions) to methyl formate and methanol; [5] and may be further hydrolyzed (under alkaline conditions) to salts of formic acid and methanol.
The water solubility of organophosphates is an important factor in biological, industrial and environmental settings. The wide variety of substitutes used in organophosphate esters results in great variations in physical properties. OPEs exhibit a wide range of octanol/water partition coefficients where log Kow values range from -0.98 up to 10. ...
Phthalates (US: / ˈ θ æ l eɪ t s /, [1] UK: / ˈ θ ɑː l eɪ t s ˌ ˈ f θ æ l ɪ t s / [2] [3]), or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid. They are mainly used as plasticizers , i.e., substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity.
Saponification is a process of cleaving esters into carboxylate salts and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali. Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap.
Shiina esterification is an organic chemical reaction that synthesizes carboxylic esters from nearly equal amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols by using aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides as dehydration condensation agents. In 1994, Prof. Isamu Shiina (Tokyo University of Science, Japan) reported an acidic coupling method using Lewis acid ...
Transesterification. Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic functional group R″ of an ester with the organic group R' of an alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base catalyst. [1] Strong acids catalyze the reaction by donating a proton to the carbonyl group, thus making it a more ...
The Zeisel determination or Zeisel test is a chemical test for the presence of esters or ethers in a chemical substance. [1][2][3] [4] It is named after the Czech chemist Simon Zeisel (1854–1933). In a qualitative test a sample is first reacted with a mixture of acetic acid and hydrogen iodide in a test tube. The ensuing reaction results in ...