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The word Fenian (/ ˈfiːniən /) served as an umbrella term for the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and their affiliate in the United States, the Fenian Brotherhood. They were secret political organisations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries dedicated to the establishment of an independent Irish Republic.
e. The Fenian Brotherhood (Irish: Bráithreachas na bhFíníní) was an Irish republican organisation founded in the United States in 1858 by John O'Mahony and Michael Doheny. [1][2] It was a precursor to Clan na Gael, a sister organisation to the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB). Members were commonly known as "Fenians".
Due to Counterreformation ("Catholic Reformation") related suppressions in Catholic lands during the 16th through 19th centuries, many Protestants lived as Crypto-Protestants. Meanwhile, in Protestant areas, Catholics sometimes lived as crypto-papists , although in continental Europe emigration was more feasible so this was less common.
Protestantism originated from the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century. The term Protestant comes from the Protestation at Speyer in 1529, where the nobility protested against enforcement of the Edict of Worms which subjected advocates of Lutheranism to forfeit all of their property. [1] However, the theological underpinnings go back much ...
Christianity. Nondenominational Christianity (or non-denominational Christianity) consists of churches, and individual Christians, [1][2] which typically distance themselves from the confessionalism or creedalism of other Christian communities [3] by not formally aligning with a specific Christian denomination.
Lutheranism. Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that identifies primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched the Reformation in 1517. [ 1 ] Lutheranism subsequently became the state religion of many parts of ...
Feeneyism. Feeneyism, also known as the Boston heresy, is a Christian doctrine, associated with the Jesuit priest Leonard Feeney. Feenyism advocates an interpretation of the dogma extra Ecclesiam nulla salus ("outside the Church there is no salvation") which is that only Catholics can go to heaven and that only those baptised with water can go ...
e. The Episcopal Church (TEC), also officially the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America (PECUSA), [6] is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion based in the United States with additional dioceses elsewhere. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces.