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  2. Probability distribution fitting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_distribution...

    When the larger values tend to be farther away from the mean than the smaller values, one has a skew distribution to the right (i.e. there is positive skewness), one may for example select the log-normal distribution (i.e. the log values of the data are normally distributed), the log-logistic distribution (i.e. the log values of the data follow ...

  3. Curve fitting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curve_fitting

    Fitting of a noisy curve by an asymmetrical peak model, with an iterative process (Gauss–Newton algorithm with variable damping factor α).Curve fitting [1] [2] is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, [3] possibly subject to constraints.

  4. Mean squared prediction error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_squared_prediction_error

    When the model has been estimated over all available data with none held back, the MSPE of the model over the entire population of mostly unobserved data can be estimated as follows.

  5. Projection matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection_matrix

    A matrix, has its column space depicted as the green line. The projection of some vector onto the column space of is the vector . From the figure, it is clear that the closest point from the vector onto the column space of , is , and is one where we can draw a line orthogonal to the column space of .

  6. Least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_squares

    The result of fitting a set of data points with a quadratic function Conic fitting a set of points using least-squares approximation. The method of least squares is a parameter estimation method in regression analysis based on minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals (a residual being the difference between an observed value and the fitted value provided by a model) made in the ...

  7. Degrees of freedom (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degrees_of_freedom...

    the regression (not residual) degrees of freedom in linear models are "the sum of the sensitivities of the fitted values with respect to the observed response values", [11] i.e. the sum of leverage scores. One way to help to conceptualize this is to consider a simple smoothing matrix like a Gaussian blur, used to mitigate data noise. In ...

  8. Deviance (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviance_(statistics)

    In statistics, deviance is a goodness-of-fit statistic for a statistical model; it is often used for statistical hypothesis testing.It is a generalization of the idea of using the sum of squares of residuals (SSR) in ordinary least squares to cases where model-fitting is achieved by maximum likelihood.

  9. Goodness of fit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodness_of_fit

    The goodness of fit of a statistical model describes how well it fits a set of observations. Measures of goodness of fit typically summarize the discrepancy between observed values and the values expected under the model in question.