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In the United States, only the first five Presidents, from George Washington (1732–1799) to James Monroe (1758–1831), dressed according to this fashion, including wearing of powdered wigs tied in a queue (except for Washington who powdered, curled and tied in a queue his own long hair), tricorne hats and knee-breeches.
The cadogan style of men's hair developed and became popular during this period, with horizontal rolls of hair over the ears. Later, wigs or the natural hair were worn long, brushed back from the forehead and clubbed or tied back at the nape of the neck with a black ribbon. From about 1720, a bag wig gathered the back hair in a black silk bag.
Pitt and members of Parliament wore powdered wigs; in 1795 the Parliament passed the Duty on Hair Powder Act which caused the demise of both the fashion for wigs and powder. In the 18th century, men's wigs were powdered to give them their distinctive white or off-white color. [16]
Wigs were generally now short, but long wigs continued to be popular with the older generation. Hair was powdered for formal, evening occasions. Wide-brimmed hats turned up on three sides called "cocked hats"—called tricorns in later eras—were worn in mid-century.
Although men had worn wigs to cover up thinning hair or baldness since 1624 when King Louis XIII of France (1601–1643) started to pioneer wig-wearing, the popularity of the wig or periwig as the standard wardrobe is usually credited to his son and successor Louis XIV of France (1638–1715). Louis started to go bald at a relatively young age ...
Older men, military officers, and those in conservative professions such as lawyers, judges, physicians, and servants retained their wigs and powder. Formal court dress of European monarchies also still required a powdered wig or long powdered hair tied in a queue until the accession of Napoleon to the throne as emperor (1804-1814).
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