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The value of a digital Earth reference model to encode information about the Earth is akin to the value obtained from other digital technologies, namely synchronization of the physical domain with the information domain, such as in digital audio and digital photography. Efficiencies are found in data storage, processing, integration, discovery ...
CTDMPLUS – A complex terrain dispersion model (CTDM) plus algorithms for unstable situations (i.e., highly turbulent atmospheric conditions). It is a refined point source Gaussian air quality model for use in all stability conditions (i.e., all conditions of atmospheric turbulence) for complex terrain.
A digital outcrop model (DOM), also called a virtual outcrop model, is a digital 3D representation of the outcrop surface, mostly in a form of textured polygon mesh. DOMs allow for interpretation and reproducible measurement [ 1 ] of different geological features, e.g. orientation of geological surfaces, width and thickness of layers.
A static atmospheric model has a more limited domain, excluding time. A standard atmosphere is defined by the World Meteorological Organization as "a hypothetical vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature, pressure and density which, by international agreement, is roughly representative of year-round, midlatitude conditions."
A digital terrain model (DTM) represents specifically the ground surface while DEM and DSM may represent tree top canopy or building roofs. While a DSM may be useful for landscape modeling , city modeling and visualization applications, a DTM is often required for flood or drainage modeling, land-use studies , [ 1 ] geological applications, and ...
This gravitational model is complete to spherical harmonic degree and order 2159 (block diagonal), and contains additional coefficients extending to degree 2190 and order 2159. It provides a raster of 2.5′×2.5′ and an accuracy approaching 10 cm. 1'×1' is also available [ 7 ] in non-float but lossless PGM , [ 5 ] [ 8 ] but original .gsb ...
The rising air creates a low pressure zone near the equator. As the air moves poleward, it cools, becomes denser, and descends at about the 30th parallel, creating a high-pressure area. The descended air then travels toward the equator along the surface, replacing the air that rose from the equatorial zone, closing the loop of the Hadley cell. [3]
The preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) plots the average of Earth's properties by depth. [1] It includes a table of Earth properties, including elastic properties, attenuation, density, pressure, and gravity. PREM has been widely used as the basis for seismic tomography and related global geophysical models. [2]