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Side effects of carbamazepine include blurred vision, double vision, ataxia, weight gain, nausea, and fatigue, as well as some rare but serious side effects such as blood dyscrasias, pancreatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, and hepatic failure. [3] Monitoring of liver enzymes, platelets, and blood cell counts are recommended. [3]
Bipolar disorder is among the top 20 causes of disability worldwide and leads to substantial costs for society. [21] Due to lifestyle choices and the side effects of medications, the risk of death from natural causes such as coronary heart disease in people with bipolar disorder is twice that of the general population. [4]
The global estimated lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults range from 1 to 3 percent. [63] The annual incidence is estimated to vary from 0.3 to 1.2 percent worldwide. [23] According to the World Mental Health Survey Initiative, the lifetime prevalence of BP-II was found to be 0.4%, with a 12-month prevalence of 0.3%. [64]
The most common side effects are lethargy and weight gain. The less common side effects of using lithium are blurred vision, a slight tremble in the hands, and a feeling of being mildly ill. In general, these side effects occur in the first few weeks after commencing lithium treatment. These symptoms can often be improved by lowering the dose. [4]
Lurasidone is used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. [2] [21] In bipolar disorder, it has been studied both as a monotherapy and adjunctive treatment to lithium or valproate. [22] The European Medicines Agency approved lurasidone for the treatment of schizophrenia for people aged 13 years and older, [23] but not for bipolar disorder. [8]
Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, [8] idiopathic hypersomnia, or restless legs syndrome; Disorders such as clinical depression or atypical depression [medical citation needed] Tumors, head trauma, anemia, kidney failure, hypothyroidism, or an injury to the central nervous system [9] Drug abuse [medical citation ...
The drug seems ineffective in the treatment of current rapid-cycling, acute mania, or acute depression in bipolar disorder. [25] Lamotrigine has been shown to be as effective as lithium, the standard treatment for bipolar disorder. [26] Lamotrigine has not demonstrated clear efficacy in treating acute mood episodes, either mania or depression.
The most prevalent side effects include nausea, mild sedation, fatigue, and dizziness. At higher dosages, there is an increased risk for restlessness, insomnia, and tremors. [6] Cariprazine was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2015. [12] It was approved as a generic medication in 2022, [13] but is covered by patents ...
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