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Kirchhoff's integral theorem, sometimes referred to as the Fresnel–Kirchhoff integral theorem, [3] uses Green's second identity to derive the solution of the homogeneous scalar wave equation at an arbitrary spatial position P in terms of the solution of the wave equation and its first order derivative at all points on an arbitrary closed surface as the boundary of some volume including P.
Fresnel diffraction of circular aperture, plotted with Lommel functions. This is the Fresnel diffraction integral; it means that, if the Fresnel approximation is valid, the propagating field is a spherical wave, originating at the aperture and moving along z. The integral modulates the amplitude and phase of the spherical wave.
Kirchhoff's integral theorem (sometimes referred to as the Fresnel–Kirchhoff integral theorem) [1] is a surface integral to obtain the value of the solution of the homogeneous scalar wave equation at an arbitrary point P in terms of the values of the solution and the solution's first-order derivative at all points on an arbitrary closed surface (on which the integration is performed) that ...
Huygens–Fresnel–Kirchhoff principle: ... Defining equation (physical chemistry) ... The Cambridge Handbook of Physics Formulas. Cambridge University Press.
Fresnel equations; Friedmann equations; Gauss's law for electricity; Gauss's law for gravity; Gauss's law for magnetism; Gibbs–Helmholtz equation; Gross–Pitaevskii equation; Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation; Helmholtz equation; Karplus equation; Kepler's equation; Kepler's laws of planetary motion; Kirchhoff's diffraction formula; Klein ...
The Huygens–Fresnel principle provides a reasonable basis for understanding and predicting the classical wave propagation of light. However, there are limitations to the principle, namely the same approximations done for deriving the Kirchhoff's diffraction formula and the approximations of near field due to Fresnel.
There are various analytical models which allow the diffracted field to be calculated, including the Kirchhoff diffraction equation (derived from the wave equation), [16] the Fraunhofer diffraction approximation of the Kirchhoff equation (applicable to the far field), the Fresnel diffraction approximation (applicable to the near field) and the ...
Because diffraction is the result of addition of all waves (of given wavelength) along all unobstructed paths, the usual procedure is to consider the contribution of an infinitesimally small neighborhood around a certain path (this contribution is usually called a wavelet) and then integrate over all paths (= add all wavelets) from the source to the detector (or given point on a screen).