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  2. Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_160_of_the...

    The article defines a “Malay” as a person who professes the religion of Islam, habitually speaks the Malay language, and conforms to Malay custom. [1] They should also be a person who is (a) born before Merdeka Day in the Federation or in Singapore or born of parents one of whom was born in the Federation or in Singapore, or is on that day domiciled in the Federation or in Singapore; or (b ...

  3. Constitution of Malaysia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia

    The Federal Constitution of Malaysia (Malay: Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia), which came into force in 1957 as the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya and was amended in 1963 to form the Constitution of Malaysia, is the supreme law of Malaysia and contains a total of 183 articles. [1]

  4. List of amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the...

    Constitution and Malaysia Act (Amendment) Act 1965: 01-07-1965 except Part I of First Schedule and Second Schedule: 16-09-1963; Part II of First Schedule–amendment of Article 132 of the Constitution–Malacca: 01-05-1960; and Penang: 01-11-1959 8th: Act 53/1965 Constitution and Malaysia (Singapore Amendment) Act 1965: 09-08-1965

  5. Islam in Malaysia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia

    However, Justice Hakim Abdul Hamid of the Reid Commission which drafted the constitution came out strongly in favour of making Islam the official religion, and as a result the final constitution named Islam as the official religion of Malaysia. [7] All ethnic Malays are Muslim, as defined by Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia. [8] [9]

  6. Freedom of religion in Malaysia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Freedom_of_religion_in_Malaysia

    [11] [12] Lawmakers have claimed that this enactment is contrary to the federal constitution. [13] Constitutionally (in Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia), one of the four tests for entitlement to the privileges accorded to a Malaysian Malay is that one must be a Muslim. The rationale for this is that Islam is considered intrinsic to ...

  7. 18-point agreement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18-point_agreement

    In 2021 amendment to the Constitution of Malaysia, Article 160 (2) of the federal constitution was amended with the new definition of the term "federation" where the Malaysian federation is formed in accordance to the 1963 Malaysian agreement in addition to 1957 Malaya agreement. [4]

  8. Bumiputera (Malaysia) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)

    "If the child was born in Sabah or the father was domiciled in Sabah at the time of birth, and one of the parents is an indigenous native of Sabah as stated in Article 161A (6)(b) Federal Constitution of Malaysia, the child is considered as a Bumiputera" Sarawak

  9. Malaysian Malays - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Malays

    In Malaysia, where the sovereignty of individual Malay sultanates and the position of Islam are preserved, a Malay identity is defined in Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia. Article 160 defines a Malay as someone born to a Malaysian citizen who professes to be a Muslim, habitually speaks the Malay language, adheres to Malay customs ...