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The historian Eberhard Kolb calls the January Revolt the revolution's Battle of the Marne (Germany's July 1918 battlefield defeat that led directly to the Armistice). The 1919 uprising and its brutal end exacerbated the already deep divisions in the workers' movement and fuelled more political radicalisation.
The Reich Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Councils meeting in Berlin on 16 December 1918. The German workers' and soldiers' councils of 1918–1919 (German: Arbeiter- und Soldatenräte) were short-lived revolutionary bodies that spread the German Revolution to cities across the German Empire during the final days of World War I. Meeting ...
Erich Ludendorff in 1918. He made the initial decision to have the democratic parties in the Empire take the blame for the lost war. At the end of September 1918 when the German Army was facing inevitable defeat in World War I, the Supreme Army Command (OHL) under Generals Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff called on the government to offer a ceasefire to the Entente powers and to amend ...
The Berlin March Battles of 1919 (German: Berliner Märzkämpfe), also known as Bloody Week[1] (German: Berliner Blutwoche[2][3]), were the final decisive phase of the German Revolution of 1918–1919. The events were the result of a general strike by the Berlin working class to enforce the widely anticipated socialization of key industries, as ...
The German spring offensive, also known as Kaiserschlacht ("Kaiser's Battle") or the Ludendorff offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during the First World War, beginning on 21 March 1918. Following American entry into the war in April 1917, the Germans decided that their only remaining chance of victory was to ...
The Weimar Republic, [d] officially known as the German Reich, [e] was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.
The Kiel mutiny (German: Kieler Matrosenaufstand) was a revolt by sailors of the German High Seas Fleet against the maritime military command in Kiel.The mutiny broke out on 3 November 1918 when some of the ships' crews refused to sail out from Wilhelmshaven for the final battle against the British Grand Fleet that the Admiralty had ordered without the knowledge or approval of the German ...
November. 3 November. German Revolution: Sailors in the German fleet at Kiel mutiny, and throughout northern Germany soldiers and workers begin to establish revolutionary councils on the Russian soviet model. 9 November. Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates and chooses to live in exile in the Netherlands.