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Of those who have residual symptoms after PRES, this is attributable largely to hemorrhage. [1] [4] Non-resolution of MRI abnormalities has been linked with poorer outcomes. [4] The presence of brain hemorrhage and cytotoxic edema (brain edema with concomittant brain tissue damage) is also associated with a poor prognosis. [2]
Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Brain atrophy can be classified into two main categories: generalized and focal atrophy. [2]
More recent MRI studies have reported age-related regional decreases in cerebral volume. [6] [7] Regional volume reduction is not uniform; some brain regions shrink at a rate of up to 1% per year, whereas others remain relatively stable until the end of the life-span. [8]
Brain shrinkage does accelerate when you’re older. Brain volume continues to decrease as we age—including the frontal lobe and hippocampus, the areas responsible for cognitive functions—with ...
A neurological disease refers to any ailment of the central nervous system, including abnormalities of the brain, spinal cord and other connecting nerve fibres. [8] Where millions of people are affected by neurological diseases on a worldwide scale, [8] it has been identified that the number of different types of neurological diseases exceeds six hundred, [9] any of which an individual can incur.
Cardiovascular risk and obesity linked to brain volume loss. High cardiovascular risk and obesity contributed to a gradual reduction in brain volume over several decades, following a bell-shaped ...
The volume and frequency is strongly associated with increasing age. [2] They are also seen in a number of neurological disorders and psychiatric illnesses . For example, deep white matter hyperintensities are 2.5 to 3 times more likely to occur in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder than control subjects.
As we age, our brain experiences both structural and functional changes. Over time, this can cause a decline in cognitive abilities, memory, and even emotional regulation. Certain lifestyle ...