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  2. Immune system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

    The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly, with immune responses beginning to decline at around 50 years of age due to immunosenescence. [ 112 ] [ 113 ] In developed countries , obesity , alcoholism , and drug use are common causes of poor immune function, while malnutrition is the ...

  3. Élie Metchnikoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élie_Metchnikoff

    Metchnikoff became interested in the study of microbes, and especially the immune system. At Messina he discovered phagocytosis after experimenting on the larvae of starfish. In 1882 he first demonstrated the process when he inserted small citrus thorns into starfish larvae, then found unusual cells surrounding the thorns. He realized that in ...

  4. Anti-thymocyte globulin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-thymocyte_globulin

    The first report of immunizing an animal of one species (guinea pig) against the immune cells of another species (mouse lymphocytes) was by Élie Metchnikoff in 1899. He reported injecting cells recovered from mouse lymph nodes into Guinea pigs and waiting for the immunization to result in the accumulation of anti-mouse antibodies in the Guinea pig blood.

  5. Timeline of immunology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_immunology

    1761 – A case of breast cancer cured after ulcerating and getting infected is reported by Lambergen [3] 1796 – First demonstration of smallpox vaccination ( Edward Jenner ) 1808–1813 – First experimental demonstration of the germ theory of disease by Agostino Bassi though he does not formally propose the theory until 1844

  6. Immunity (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medicine)

    A representation of the cholera epidemic of the 19th century. For thousands of years mankind has been intrigued with the causes of disease and the concept of immunity. The prehistoric view was that disease was caused by supernatural forces, and that illness was a form of theurgic punishment for "bad deeds" or "evil thoughts" visited upon the soul by the gods or by one's enemies. [8]

  7. Immunomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunomics

    Immunomics is the study of immune system regulation and response to pathogens using genome-wide approaches.With the rise of genomic and proteomic technologies, scientists have been able to visualize biological networks and infer interrelationships between genes and/or proteins; recently, these technologies have been used to help better understand how the immune system functions and how it is ...

  8. Antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

    Each antibody binds to a specific antigen in a highly specific interaction analogous to a lock and key.. An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.

  9. Outline of immunology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_immunology

    The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to immunology: . Immunology – study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. [1] It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency ...