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The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by plants that grow close to the ground, including perennial grasses, sedges, forbs, cushion plants, mosses, and lichens. [28] The flora is adapted to the harsh conditions of the alpine environment, which include low temperatures, dryness, ultraviolet radiation, and a short growing season.
The foreground shows the transition from trees to no trees. These trees are stunted in growth and one-sided because of cold and constant wind. The tree line is the edge of a habitat at which trees are capable of growing and beyond which they are not. It is found at high elevations and high latitudes. Beyond the tree line, trees cannot tolerate ...
Alpine plants are not limited to higher elevations. However, high-elevation areas have different ecology than those growing at higher latitudes. [3] One of the biggest distinctions is that the lower bound of a tropical alpine area is difficult to define due to a mixture of human disturbances, dry climates, and a naturally lacking tree line. [4]
In the southern Rocky Mountains, a transition occurs between about 5,900 and 8,200 feet (1,800 and 2,500 m), where plains communities are accompanied by pinyon pines. Two-Needle Pinyon's and singleleaf pinyons are found in western Utah, alligator junipers and Rocky Mountain junipers grow to the south, and Utah junipers grow to the north. Many ...
In Canada and Scandinavia, the growing season is often estimated by using the period of the year when the 24-hour average temperature is +5 °C (41 °F) or more. [16] For the Taiga Plains in Canada, growing season varies from 80 to 150 days, and in the Taiga Shield from 100 to 140 days. [17] Other sources define growing season by frost-free ...
In addition to fragmentation, human use of land adjacent to temperate deciduous forests is associated with pollution that can stunt the growth rate of trees. [6] Invasive species that outcompete native species and alter forest nutrient cycles , such as common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) , are also introduced by humans. [ 21 ]
Each of the trees in this stand is a genetically identical male that has reproduced vegetatively. Although no single tree in this stand is of that age, the stand itself as a single organism has existed that long. [120] Individual trees in the clonal patch have been listed as having ages of 2000 [121] [122] or even to 3000 years old. [123] [124]
They usually grow in the mountains where precipitation from the incoming moisture off the ocean is greater. The tallest and oldest trees are found in deep valleys and gullies, where year-round streams can flow, and fog drip is regular. The terrain also made it harder for loggers to get to the trees and to get them out after felling. The trees ...