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  2. Rotary kiln - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_kiln

    The rotary kiln was invented in 1873 by Frederick Ransome. [1] He filed several patents in 1885-1887, but his experiments with the idea were not a commercial success. Nevertheless, his designs provided the basis for successful kilns in the US from 1891, subsequently emulated worldwide.

  3. Expanded clay aggregate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_clay_aggregate

    Lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) or expanded clay (exclay) is a lightweight aggregate made by heating clay to around 1,200 °C (2,190 °F) in a rotary kiln. The heating process causes gases trapped in the clay to expand, forming thousands of small bubbles and giving the material a porous structure.

  4. Waelz process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waelz_process

    The Waelz process is a method of recovering zinc and other relatively low boiling point metals from metallurgical waste (typically electric arc furnace flue dust) and other recycled materials using a rotary kiln (waelz kiln). The zinc enriched product is referred to as waelz oxide, and the reduced zinc by product as waelz slag.

  5. Becher process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becher_Process

    The Becher process is a process to produce rutile, a form of titanium dioxide, from the ore ilmenite. Although it is competitive with the chloride process and the sulfate process, . [1] [2] the Becher process is not used on scale. [3] With the idealized formula FeTiO 3, ilmenite contains 55-65% titanium dioxide, the rest being iron oxide. The ...

  6. Cement kiln - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement_kiln

    Rotary kilns run 24 hours a day, and are typically stopped only for a few days once or twice a year for essential maintenance. One of the main maintenance works on rotary kilns is tyre and roller surface machining and grinding works which can be done while the kiln works in full operation at speeds up to 3.5 rpm.

  7. Krupp–Renn process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krupp–Renn_Process

    View of the six rotary furnaces at the Essen–Borbeck direct reduction plant, c. 1964. The Krupp–Renn process was a direct reduction steelmaking process used from the 1930s to the 1970s. It used a rotary furnace and was one of the few technically and commercially successful direct reduction processes in the world, acting as an alternative to ...

  8. Rotary furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Rotary_furnace&redirect=no

    Printable version; In other projects Appearance. move to sidebar hide. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirect page. Redirect to: Rotary kiln; Retrieved from ...

  9. Calcination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcination

    Calcination is thermal treatment of a solid chemical compound (e.g. mixed carbonate ores) whereby the compound is raised to high temperature without melting under restricted supply of ambient oxygen (i.e. gaseous O 2 fraction of air), generally for the purpose of removing impurities or volatile substances and/or to incur thermal decomposition.