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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 18 January 2025. Medical condition Kidney cancer Other names Renal cancer Micrograph showing the most common type of kidney cancer (clear cell renal cell carcinoma). H&E stain. Specialty Oncology nephrology Urology Symptoms Blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, back pain Usual onset After the age of ...
For premalignant dysplastic changes, the CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) grading system is used. [7] Colon cancer: originally consisted of four stages: A, B, C, and D (the Dukes staging system). More recently, colon cancer staging is indicated either by the original A-D stages or by TNM. [8] Kidney cancer: uses TNM. [9]
Grade 1: Inconspicuous and basophilic nucleoli at magnification of 400 times; Grade 2: Clearly visible and eosinophilic nucleoli at magnification of 400 times; Grade 3: Clearly visible nucleoli at magnification of 100 times; Grade 4: Extreme pleomorphism or rhabdoid and/or sarcomatoid morphology
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 90–95% of cases. [ 1 ]
Like other cancers, kidney cancer is measured in stages. •Stage 1, the tumour has not spread and is localized. This accounts for 65% of cases of kidney cancer and 92.5% of people with stage 1 kidney cancer survive 5 years. •Stage 2 and 3, the tumour has grown larger and has spread and started to affect regional tissues and lymph nodes.
Grading in cancer is distinguished from staging, which is a measure of the extent to which the cancer has spread. Pathology grading systems classify the microscopic cell appearance abnormality and deviations in their rate of growth with the goal of predicting developments at tissue level (see also the 4 major histological changes in dysplasia).
Gross appearance of a renal oncocytoma (left of image) and a slice of a normal kidney (right of image). Note the rounded contour, the mahogany colour and the central scar. In gross appearance, the tumors are tan or mahogany brown, well circumscribed and contain a central scar. They may achieve a large size (up to 12 cm in diameter).
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a malignant, heterogeneous tumor originating from renal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, which comprises approximately 10-15% of all kidney neoplasms. [1] Based on its morphological features, PRCC can be classified into two main subtypes, which are type 1 and type 2 (eosinophilic). [2]