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STS-82 was the 22nd flight of the Space Shuttle Discovery and the 82nd mission of the Space Shuttle program.It was NASA's second mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope, during which Discovery's crew repaired and upgraded the telescope's scientific instruments, increasing its research capabilities.
[7] [n 12] Armstrong became NASA's first civilian astronaut in 1962 when he was selected for NASA's second group, [159] and became the first man on the Moon in 1969. [ 160 ] It was further stipulated that candidates should be between 25 and 40 years old, no taller than 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m), and hold a college degree in a STEM subject. [ 7 ]
STS-2 was the second Space Shuttle mission conducted by NASA, and the second flight of the orbiter Columbia. The mission, crewed by Joe H. Engle and Richard H. Truly, launched on November 12, 1981, and landed two days later on November 14, 1981. [1] STS-2 marked the first time that a crewed, reusable orbital vehicle returned to space.
The selection and training of astronauts are integrated processes to ensure the crew members are qualified for space missions. [6] The training is categorized into five objectives to train the astronauts on the general and specific aspects: basic training, advanced training, mission-specific training, onboard training, and proficiency maintenance training. [7]
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which succeeded in landing the first men [2] on the Moon in 1969, following Project Mercury, which put the first Americans in space.
Since then, NASA has selected 22 more groups of astronauts, opening the corps to civilians, scientists, doctors, engineers, and school teachers. As of the 2009 Astronaut Class, 61% of the astronauts selected by NASA have come from military service. [1] NASA selects candidates from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds.
After classroom training was completed, there was a series of seminars on space science. The astronaut's lack of scientific training was recognized, but it was hoped that this would bring their knowledge up to a level where they could communicate with scientists. The first was delivered by Homer E. Newell Jr., NASA's Director of Space Sciences.
NASA's pricing, which was below cost, was lower than expendable launch vehicles; the intention was that the high volume of Space Shuttle missions would compensate for early financial losses. The improvement of expendable launch vehicles and the transition away from commercial payloads on the Space Shuttle resulted in expendable launch vehicles ...