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  2. Working hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_hypothesis

    [28] [29] [30] Research projects that use working hypotheses use a deductive reasoning or logic of inquiry. [3] In other words, the problem and preliminary theory are developed ahead of time and tested using evidence. Working hypotheses (statements of expectation) are flexible and incorporate relational or non-relational statements.

  3. Temporal logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_logic

    Prior published his most mature work on the topic, the book Past, Present, and Future in 1967. He died two years later. [5] Along with tense logic, Prior constructed a few systems of positional logic, which inherited their main ideas from Łoś. [6] Work in positional temporal logics was continued by Nicholas Rescher in the 60s and 70s.

  4. Scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

    The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, not the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the primacy of ...

  5. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    Logical reasoning is a form of thinking that is concerned with arriving at a conclusion in a rigorous way. [1] This happens in the form of inferences by transforming the information present in a set of premises to reach a conclusion.

  6. Logic games - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_games

    Diagram of the basic linear question presented below. Logic games, abbreviated LG, and officially referred to as analytical reasoning, was historically one of three types of sections that appeared on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) before August 2024. A logic games section contained four 5-8 question "games", totaling 22-25 questions.

  7. Wason selection task - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wason_selection_task

    [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other. The visible faces of the cards show 3, 8, blue and red.

  8. Psychology of reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_reasoning

    In this process of reasoning, general assertions are made based on past specific pieces of evidence. This kind of reasoning allows the conclusion to be false even if the original statement is true. [28] For example, if one observes a college athlete, one makes predictions and assumptions about other college athletes based on that one observation.

  9. Thought - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought

    Reasoning is one of the most paradigmatic forms of thinking. It is the process of drawing conclusions from premises or evidence. Types of reasoning can be divided into deductive and non-deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is governed by certain rules of inference, which guarantee the truth of the conclusion if the premises are true.