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  2. Renal diet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_diet

    A renal diet is a diet aimed at keeping levels of fluids, electrolytes, and minerals balanced in the body in individuals with chronic kidney disease or who are on dialysis. Dietary changes may include the restriction of fluid intake, protein , and electrolytes including sodium , phosphorus , and potassium . [ 1 ]

  3. Nephrology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrology

    Nephrology (from Ancient Greek nephros 'kidney' and -logy 'the study of') is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function (renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal ...

  4. Kidney stone disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone_disease

    Kidney stones are primarily composed of calcium salts, with the most common being calcium oxalate (70-80%), followed by calcium phosphate and uric acid. When urine contains high concentrations of these ions, they can form crystals and eventually stones. [41] The formation of kidney stones occurs in three main phases: [41]

  5. More kids are getting kidney stones, and doctors don ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/why-more-kids-getting-kidney...

    More children around the U.S. are getting kidney stones, a condition now wrongly associated with “white, middle-aged men”, experts say. The stones are pebble-like clusters of minerals and ...

  6. Calculus (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(medicine)

    A bezoar may form the nidus of an enterolith. In kidney stones, calcium oxalate is the most common mineral type (see nephrolithiasis). Uric acid is the second most common mineral type, but an in vitro study showed uric acid stones and crystals can promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones. [1]

  7. The #1 Sign of Kidney Stones Most People Miss ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/1-sign-kidney-stones-most-232500375.html

    Treatments depend on the patient, the type of kidney stone and several other factors. These include: Surgical intervention. Some patients may need surgery to remove kidney stones or to help them pass.

  8. Ketogenic diet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketogenic_diet

    The ketogenic diet is usually initiated in combination with the patient's existing anticonvulsant regimen, though patients may be weaned off anticonvulsants if the diet is successful. There is some evidence of synergistic benefits when the diet is combined with the vagus nerve stimulator or with the drug zonisamide , and that the diet may be ...

  9. Diabetic nephropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_nephropathy

    Conformation kidney biopsy should only be performed if non-diabetic kidney disease is suspected. [citation needed] Urine analysis in patients with diabetic kidney disease is often bland. In cases of severely increased microalbuminuria, hematuria might be present. [32] fat bodies might be present in patients who develop nephrotic-range proteinuria.