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In general medicine and psychiatry, recovery has long been used to refer to the end of a particular experience or episode of illness.The broader concept of "recovery" as a general philosophy and model was first popularized in regard to recovery from substance abuse/drug addiction, for example within twelve-step programs or the California Sober method.
This model classifies addiction as a diagnosable disease just as cancer or diabetes. It attributes addiction to a chemical imbalance in an individual's brain associated with genetics or environmental factors. [3] The other model is the choice model of addiction, which contends that addiction is a result of voluntary actions rather than brain ...
Models of addiction risk that have been proposed in psychology literature include an affect dysregulation model of positive and negative psychological affects, the reinforcement sensitivity theory model of impulsiveness and behavioral inhibition, and an impulsivity model of reward sensitization and impulsiveness. [1] [5] [6]
“The brain changes, and it doesn’t recover when you just stop the drug because the brain has been actually changed,” Kreek explained. “The brain may get OK with time in some persons. But it’s hard to find a person who has completely normal brain function after a long cycle of opiate addiction, not without specific medication treatment.”
Disease Model of addiction frames substance abuse as 'a chronic relapsing disease that changes the structure and function of the brain'. [74] Research conducted on the neurobiological factors of addiction has proven to have mixed results, and the only treatment idea it offers is abstinence. [ 75 ]
They may volunteer for these coaching services, or be employed by a recovery community organization for a low wage. The recovery support specialist ensures there is a contract for engagement, called a personal recovery plan. This is a key component of the recovery management model, which all RSSs follow.
A review by David L. Johnson, Ph.D., concluded, "This promising model of brain functioning and the need to literally pay attention for change has prospective applications to and many implications for medicine, rehabilitation, mental health treatment, social service, addiction intervention, and the moral education practices in today's changing ...
[110] [34] The brain disease model of addiction posits that an individual's exposure to an addictive drug is the most significant environmental risk factor for addiction. [111] Many researchers, including neuroscientists, indicate that the brain disease model presents a misleading, incomplete, and potentially detrimental explanation of addiction.