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An illustration that shows how antigens induce the immune system response by interacting with an antibody that matches the molecular structure of an antigen. In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. [1]
Antigen presentation is a vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering. Because T cells recognize only fragmented antigens displayed on cell surfaces, antigen processing must occur before the antigen fragment can be recognized by a T-cell receptor.
Antigen presentation stimulates immature T cells to become either mature "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or mature "helper" CD4+ cells. An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays an antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; this process is known as antigen presentation.
The antigen binding groove, where the antigen or peptide binds, is made up of two α-helixes walls and β-sheet. [ 3 ] Because the antigen-binding groove of MHC class II molecules is open at both ends while the corresponding groove on class I molecules is closed at each end, the antigens presented by MHC class II molecules are longer, generally ...
The S antigen is relatively common (~55% of the population) and the s antigen is very common (~89% of the population). Anti-S and anti-s can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn.The U antigen is a high incidence antigen, occurring in more than 99.9% of the population. The U was originally short for ...
In immunology, a paratope, also known as an antigen-binding site, is the part of an antibody which recognizes and binds to an antigen. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a small region at the tip of the antibody's antigen-binding fragment and contains parts of the antibody's heavy and light chains .
The immunoglobulin domain (InterPro: IPR013783) consists of a beta-sheet structure with large connecting loops, which serve to recognize either DNA major grooves or antigens. Usually found in immunoglobulin proteins, they are also present in Stat proteins of the cytokine pathway.
Heterophile antigens are antigens of similar nature, if not identical, that are present in different tissues in different biological species, classes, or kingdoms. [1] Usually different species have different antigen sets, but the hetereophile antigen is shared by different species.