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The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear.. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). [1]
Antidepressants are prescribed to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and some addictions. Antidepressants are often used in combination with one another. [1] Despite its longstanding prominence in pharmaceutical advertising, the idea that low serotonin levels cause depression is not supported by scientific ...
This translates to the 2nd- and 3rd-most-common antidepressants, behind Lexapro (escitalopram), an SSRI. [88] In some studies, SNRIs demonstrated slightly higher antidepressant efficacy than the SSRIs (response rates 63.6% versus 59.3%). [43] However, in one study escitalopram had a superior efficacy profile to venlafaxine. [89]
Having said that, you can walk into your local pharmacy and pick up an over-the-counter (OTC) antidepressant alternative with the same ease you can pick up a bag of chips or a tube of toothpaste.
A study finds that antidepressants don’t boost the feel-good brain chemical serotonin, as previously thought. Here’s what you need to know.
This side effect has been particularly associated with serotonergic antidepressants like SSRIs and SNRIs, but may be less with atypical antidepressants like bupropion, agomelatine, and vortioxetine. [ 83 ] [ 85 ] [ 86 ] Higher doses of antidepressants seem to be more likely to produce emotional blunting than lower doses. [ 83 ]
Sleep deprivation (skipping a night's sleep) has been found to improve symptoms of depression in 40–60% of patients. Partial sleep deprivation in the second half of the night may be as effective as an all night sleep deprivation session. Improvement may last for weeks, though the majority (50–80%) relapse after recovery sleep.
Trazodone, sold under many brand names, [1] is an antidepressant medication [20] used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and insomnia. [20] It is a phenylpiperazine compound of the serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) class.
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