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An adrenal tumor or adrenal mass [2] is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, several of which are notable for their tendency to overproduce endocrine hormones. Adrenal cancer is the presence of malignant adrenal tumors, and includes neuroblastoma , adrenocortical carcinoma and some adrenal pheochromocytomas .
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes E24-E27 within Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases should be included in this category. The main article for this category is Adrenal gland disorders .
Rarely (5–12%), the adrenal tumor may be cancerous (adrenocortical carcinoma), requiring adrenalectomy. Rarer still, the mass may be a metastatic cancer that spread from another location, such as the kidney or lung. If the metastasis is isolated to the adrenal gland, it may be a candidate for adrenalectomy. [5] [7]
An adrenocortical adenoma or adrenal adenoma is commonly described as a benign neoplasm emerging from the cells that comprise the adrenal cortex. Like most adenomas , the adrenocortical adenoma is considered a benign tumor since the majority of them are non-functioning and asymptomatic .
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer originating in the cortex (steroid hormone-producing tissue) of the adrenal gland.. Adrenocortical carcinoma is remarkable for the many hormonal syndromes that can occur in patients with steroid hormone-producing ("functional") tumors, including Cushing's syndrome, Conn syndrome, virilization, and feminization.
Addison's disease, or primary adrenal insufficiency, is an uncommon chronic illness characterized by insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal glands. [17] Chronic primary adrenal insufficiency is typically characterized by an extended period of malaise, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, joint and back pain, and skin ...
Adrenal gland; the medulla (center, red) is the origin of the pheochromocytoma. There is an adrenal gland, highlighted in yellow, on top of each of the kidneys. Other clinical manifestations that have been reported include (in no particular order): [6] [13] Pallor; Heat intolerance; Weight loss; Chest and/or abdominal discomfort; Palpitations ...
Enlargement of both adrenal glands, adrenal adenoma, adrenal cancer, familial hyperaldosteronism [6] [1] Diagnostic method: Blood test for aldosterone-to-renin ratio [1] Treatment: Surgery, spironolactone, eplerenone, low salt diet [1] Frequency: 10% of people with high blood pressure [1]