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In 2021, the 40th Chief of Staff of the United States Army identified three dimensions of military competition: 1) narrative, 2) direct , and 3) indirect (non-zero sum) competition. [74] Narrative competition shapes and frames a baseline within which direct, or indirect competition with adversaries are related.
Cognitive warfare (CW) consists of any military activities designed to affect attitudes and behaviours, by influencing, protecting, or disrupting individual, group, or population level cognition. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is an extension of information warfare using propaganda and disinformation .
Task conflict encourages greater cognitive understanding of the issue being discussed. This leads to better decision making for the groups that use task conflict. [13] The second is affective acceptance of group decisions. Task conflict can lead to increased satisfaction with the group decision and a desire to stay in the group. [14]
In 1991, his paper "The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict; A Cognitive Analysis" won the Otto Klineberg Intercultural and International Relations Prize of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI). In 2002, his paper, titled, Why does Fear Override Hope, won the second place in the same competition.
Realistic conflict theory (RCT), also known as realistic group conflict theory (RGCT), [1] [2] is a social psychological model of intergroup conflict. [3] The theory explains how intergroup hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources, and it also offers an explanation for the feelings of prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup that ...
Sherif maintained that group behavior cannot result from an analysis of individual behavior and that intergroup conflict, particularly those driven by the competition for scarce resources, creates ethnocentrism. [34] The Robbers Cave Experiment was conducted in 1954 and was designed to test theories of intergroup conflict.
The historical analysis used to justify the concept of fifth dimension operations being developed was the notion that: Land warfare was defined first by human energy (infantry) and then by animal energy (cavalry) in a three-dimensional medieval era, and then by mechanical energy in the four-dimensional modern era.
Conflict resolution is the process by which two or more parties engaged in a disagreement, dispute or debate reach an agreement resolving it. [42] It involves a series of stages, involved actors, models and approaches that may depend on the kind of confrontation at stake and the surrounded social and cultural context.