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Al-Ghazali indicated that Islam suggests a significant sense of equality between men and women. [8] He maintained that there are traditions created by people and not by God that slow women's development and keeps them in religious ignorance, which he believes results in the degradation of the whole Muslim community. [8]
Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of authority are primarily held by men. The term patriarchy is used both in anthropology to describe a family or clan controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males, and in feminist theory to describe a broader social structure in which men as a group dominate society. [1] [2] [3]
Islamic scholar Asma Barlas shares Badran's views, discussing the difference between secular feminists and Islamic feminism and in countries where Muslims make up 98% of the population, it is not possible to avoid engaging “its basic beliefs.” [10] The major distinction between the two facets of the gender based hypothesis is the fact that ...
Leila Ahmed (Arabic: لیلى أحمد; born 29 May 1940) [1] is an Egyptian-American scholar of women's studies and religion. [2] In 1992 she published her book Women and Gender in Islam, which is regarded as a pioneering historical analysis of the position of women in Arab Muslim societies.
The Cambridge History of Islam states that "Not merely did the Qur'an urge men to show care and concern for the needy, but in its teaching about the Last day it asserted the existence of a sanction applicable to men as individuals in matters where their selfishness was no longer restrained by nomadic ideas of dishonour." [61]
Many Christians believe that women and men are spiritually equal, and that their equality should be expressed in the Church's life. While some perspectives within the religion uphold equality between the sexes, others more rooted in the patriarchy of the ancient world equate cultural principles with religious ones to oppress women.
World jurisdictions of Eastern Orthodox Churches, 2022 Head of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and of the Holy Synod is the Archbishop of Constantinople , New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch and Co-Head of State of Mount Athos, [ citation needed ] who since 1991 has been Bartholomew I ( Dimítrios Archontónis ).
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.