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Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is a multi-photon microscopy technique based on Raman-active vibrational modes of molecules. The two major techniques in CRS microscopy are stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). SRS and CARS were theoretically predicted and experimentally realized in the 1960s.
Confocal Raman imaging microscope Raman microscope. The Raman microscope is a laser-based microscopic device used to perform Raman spectroscopy. [1] The term MOLE (molecular optics laser examiner) is used to refer to the Raman-based microprobe. [1] The technique used is named after C. V. Raman, who discovered the scattering properties in ...
Although the inelastic scattering of light was predicted by Adolf Smekal in 1923, [3] it was not observed in practice until 1928. The Raman effect was named after one of its discoverers, the Indian scientist C. V. Raman, who observed the effect in organic liquids in 1928 together with K. S. Krishnan, and independently by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam in inorganic crystals. [1]
Stimulated Raman spectroscopy, also referred to as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), is a form of spectroscopy employed in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields. . The basic mechanism resembles that of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy: a pump photon, of the angular frequency , which is scattered by a molecule has some small probability of inducing some vibrational (or rotational ...
The symmetry of a vibrational mode is deduced from the depolarization ratio ρ, which is the ratio of the Raman scattering with polarization orthogonal to the incident laser and the Raman scattering with the same polarization as the incident laser: = Here is the intensity of Raman scattering when the analyzer is rotated 90 degrees with respect ...
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, also called Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy (CARS), is a form of spectroscopy used primarily in chemistry, physics and related fields. It is sensitive to the same vibrational signatures of molecules as seen in Raman spectroscopy , typically the nuclear vibrations of chemical bonds.
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is a variant of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [1] that combines scanning probe microscopy with Raman spectroscopy. High spatial resolution chemical imaging is possible via TERS, [2] with routine demonstrations of nanometer spatial resolution under ambient laboratory conditions, [3] or better [4] at ultralow temperatures and high pressure.
An ideal SERS substrate must possess high uniformity and high field enhancement. Such substrates can be fabricated on a wafer scale and label-free superresolution microscopy has also been demonstrated using the fluctuations of surface enhanced Raman scattering signal on such highly uniform, high-performance plasmonic metasurfaces. [43]
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