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Combinations and permutations in the mathematical sense are described in several articles. Described together, in-depth: Twelvefold way; Explained separately in a more accessible way: Combination; Permutation; For meanings outside of mathematics, please see both words’ disambiguation pages: Combination (disambiguation) Permutation ...
Suppose one wants to determine the 5-combination at position 72. The successive values of () for n = 4, 5, 6, ... are 0, 1, 6, 21, 56, 126, 252, ..., of which the largest one not exceeding 72 is 56, for n = 8. Therefore c 5 = 8, and the remaining elements form the 4-combination at position 72 − 56 = 16. The successive values of () for n = 3 ...
In combinatorics, the twelvefold way is a systematic classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets, which include the classical problems of counting permutations, combinations, multisets, and partitions either of a set or of a number.
The number of such strings is the number of ways to place 10 stars in 13 positions, () = =, which is the number of 10-multisubsets of a set with 4 elements. Bijection between 3-subsets of a 7-set (left) and 3-multisets with elements from a 5-set (right).
For example the five compositions of 5 into distinct terms are: 5; 4 + 1; 3 + 2; 2 + 3; 1 + 4. Compare this with the three partitions of 5 into distinct terms: 5; 4 + 1; 3 + 2. Note that the ancient Sanskrit sages discovered many years before Fibonacci that the number of compositions of any natural number n as the sum of 1's and 2's is the nth ...
[11] [12] In the Middle Ages, combinatorics continued to be studied, largely outside of the European civilization. The Indian mathematician Mahāvīra (c. 850) provided formulae for the number of permutations and combinations, [13] [14] and these formulas may have been familiar to Indian mathematicians as early as the 6th century CE. [15]
The numerator equates to the number of ways to select the winning numbers multiplied by the number of ways to select the losing numbers. For a score of n (for example, if 3 choices match three of the 6 balls drawn, then n = 3), ( 6 n ) {\displaystyle {6 \choose n}} describes the odds of selecting n winning numbers from the 6 winning numbers.
This would have been the first attempt on record to solve a difficult problem in permutations and combinations. [2] The claim, however, is implausible: this is one of the few mentions of combinatorics in Greece, and the number they found, 1.002 × 10 12, seems too round to be more than a guess. [3] [4]