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[17] [18] Twenty-two percent of Bolsheviks were gentry (1.7% of the total population) and 38% were uprooted peasants; compared with 19% and 26% for the Mensheviks. In 1907, 78% of the Bolsheviks were Russian and 10% were Jewish; compared to 34% and 20% for the Mensheviks. Total Bolshevik membership was 8,400 in 1905, 13,000 in 1906, and 46,100 ...
At first, the Bolsheviks refused the German terms, but when German troops began marching across Ukraine unopposed, the new government acceded to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3 March 1918. The treaty ceded vast territories, including Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, parts of Poland and Ukraine to the Central Powers. [ 4 ]
5 May: Seven Years' War: The Treaty of Saint Petersburg ended Russian participation in the war at no territorial gain. 17 July: Peter was overthrown by the Imperial Guard and replaced with his wife, Catherine II, The Great, on her orders. 1764: 5 July: A group of soldiers attempted to release the imprisoned Ivan VI; he was murdered. 1767: 10 August
In 1918, Soviet revolutionary Leon Trotsky told Western creditors aghast at the Bolsheviks' repudiation of Russia's external debt: "Gentlemen, you were warned." More than a century later, Russia ...
Red Guard unit of the Vulkan factory in Petrograd, October 1917 Bolshevik (1920) by Boris Kustodiev The New York Times headline from 9 November 1917. The October Revolution, [b] also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution [c] (in Soviet historiography), October coup, [4] [5] Bolshevik coup, [5] or Bolshevik revolution, [6] [7] was a revolution in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin's ...
On the eve of the Great War, [1] Russia was the most populous state in Europe: with 175 million inhabitants, it had almost 3 times the population of Germany, an army of 1.3 million men, and almost 5 million reservists. Its industrial growth, on the order of 5% per year between 1860 and 1913, and the vastness of its territory and natural ...
The Provisional Government blamed the Bolsheviks for the violence brought about by the July Days and in a subsequent crackdown on the Bolshevik Party, the party was dispersed, many of the leadership arrested. [4] Vladimir Lenin fled to Finland, while Leon Trotsky was among those arrested. [5]
November 3–5 African, East African: Von Lettow-Vorbeck's German colonial forces defeat the British at the Battle of Tanga, German East Africa. November 5 Politics: France and the United Kingdom [37] declare war on the Ottoman Empire. [24] November 6–8 Middle Eastern, Mesopotamian: Fao Landing, British and Indians besiege the fortress at Fao ...