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Dental patients with generalized anxiety, belonephobia (fear of needles and sharp instruments), prior dental trauma, or generalized fear of the dentist can take oral medication in order to reduce their anxieties. [3] A variety of single and incremental dose protocols are used to medicate the patient as early as the day before treatment. [4]
Prescription drug list prices in the United States continually are among the highest in the world. [1] [2] The high cost of prescription drugs became a major topic of discussion in the 21st century, leading up to the American health care reform debate of 2009, and received renewed attention in 2015.
Dental anesthesia (or dental anaesthesia) is the application of anesthesia to dentistry. It includes local anesthetics , sedation , and general anesthesia. Local anesthetic agents in dentistry
During the surgery, dentists use medication to not only ease the pain of the procedure, but also to reduce patient anxiety. With conscious sedation , you remain comfortable and pain-free. The term "medication dentistry" is also referred to as anxiety-free dentistry, relaxation dentistry or comfortable dentistry.
A dental anesthesiologist however, is a specialist who has pursued an official residency program and is board certified in dental anesthesia (includes deep and general). An oral surgeon is a specialist who has taken a vigorous residency program and is a board certified oral surgeon who can offer deep and sometimes general anesthesia.
[citation needed] For example, the equivalent dose of diazepam in an elderly individual on lorazepam may be half of what would be expected in a younger individual. [7] [8] Equivalent doses of benzodiazepines differ as much as 20 fold. [9] [10] [11]
The dose of loprazolam for insomnia is usually 1 mg but can be increased to 2 mg if necessary. In the elderly a lower dose is recommended due to more pronounced effects and a significant impairment of standing up to 11 hours after dosing of 1 mg of loprazolam.
Lorazepam by mouth is given 90 to 120 minutes before procedures, and intravenous lorazepam is given as late as 10 minutes before procedures. [45] [46] [47] Lorazepam is sometimes used as an alternative to midazolam in palliative sedation. [48] In intensive care units, lorazepam is sometimes used to produce anxiolysis, hypnosis, and amnesia. [49]
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