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Ninhydrin is most commonly used to detect fingerprints in forensic cases, as the terminal amines of lysine residues in peptides and proteins sloughed off in fingerprints react with ninhydrin. [2] [3] Ninhydrin is a white solid that is soluble in ethanol and acetone. [1] Ninhydrin can be considered as the hydrate of indane-1,2,3-trione.
Proline and its derivatives are often used as asymmetric catalysts in proline organocatalysis reactions. The CBS reduction and proline catalysed aldol condensation are prominent examples. In brewing, proteins rich in proline combine with polyphenols to produce haze (turbidity). [25] L-Proline is an osmoprotectant and therefore is used in many ...
Addition of 20-30 mol% proline to acetone or hydroxyacetone catalyzes their addition to a diverse set of aldehydes with high (>99%) enantioselectivity yielding diol products. [39] [40] [41] Proline and proline derivatives have been implemented as organocatalysts to promote asymmetric condensation reactions. An example of such a reaction ...
The general mechanism is further supported by List by the finding that in a reaction carried out in labeled water (H 2 18 O), the oxygen isotope finds its way into the reaction product. [25] The Hajos and Parrish experiment with a stoechiometric amount of labeled water (H 2 18 O) supported the carbinolamine mechanism.
The reaction is carried out in the liquid phase in a continuous tube- or tube bundle reactor, which is operated in the cycle gas method. The catalyst is arranged as a fixed-bed and the conversion is carried out in the downflow mode. The product is obtained after multistage purification and separation by extractive and azeotropic distillation. [5]
In chemistry, a catalytic cycle is a multistep reaction mechanism that involves a catalyst. [1] The catalytic cycle is the main method for describing the role of catalysts in biochemistry , organometallic chemistry , bioinorganic chemistry , materials science , etc.
Proline oxidase, or proline dehydrogenase, functions as the initiator of the proline cycle. Proline metabolism is especially important in nutrient stress because proline is readily available from the breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM), and the degradation of proline through the proline cycle initiated by proline oxidase (PRODH), a mitochondrial inner membrane enzyme, can generate ATP.
The stereoisomer (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (also referred to as L-P5C) is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis and degradation of proline and arginine. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In prokaryotic proline biosynthesis, GSA is synthesized from γ-glutamyl phosphate by the enzyme γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase .