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Foucault describes two types of "knowledge": "savoir" and "connaissance", two French terms that both can be translated as "knowledge" but with separate meanings for Foucault. By "savoir" Foucault is referring to a process where subjects are created, while at the same time these subjects also become objects for knowledge.
The Author is a certain functional principle by which, in our culture, one limits, excludes and chooses: ... The author is therefore the ideological figure by which one marks the manner in which we fear the proliferation of meaning. For many, Foucault's lecture responds to Roland Barthes' essay "The Death of the Author".
[1] Foucault posits that the legal system was central in the rise of the author, as an author was needed (in order to be punished) for making transgressive statements. This is made evident through the rise of the printing press during the time of the Reformation , when religious texts that circulated challenged the authority of the Catholic ...
A year later, in 1967, Roland Barthes published "The Death of the Author", in which he announced a metaphorical event: the "death" of the author as an authentic source of meaning for a given text. Barthes argued that any literary text has multiple meanings and that the author was not the prime source of the work's semantic content.
L'Ordre du discours (The Order of Discourse) is Michel Foucault's inaugural lecture at the Collège de France, delivered on December 2, 1970. Foucault presents the hypothesis that in any society the production of discourse is controlled, in order to eliminate powers and dangers and contain random events in this production. [9]
The Hermeneutics of the Subject is a lecture course originally given by the French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault at the Collège de France in the years 1981–1982. The course details Foucault's elaboration of such concepts as "practices of the self" and the " care of the self ", as manifested in what Foucault refers to as their ...
Foucault sees power as the means for constituting individuals’ identities and determining the limits of their autonomy. This reflects the symbiotic relationship between power (pouvoir) and knowledge (savoir). In his study of prisons and hospitals, he observed how the modern individual becomes both an object and subject of knowledge.
Richard Lynch's bibliography of Foucault's shorter work is invaluable for keeping track of these multiple versions. The major collections in English are: Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, edited by Donald F. Bouchard (1977) Power/Knowledge, edited by C. Gordon (1980) The Foucault Reader, edited by P. Rabinow (1984)