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In the early 19th century, the harmonium began to be used amongst local musicians, eventually including Sikhs, in the Indian subcontinent; however, its adoption would have devastating impacts on native Sikh instruments. [1] The harmonium was easy to learn and play, plus it was easily transported, which led to it becoming popular and eventually ...
The instrument has a medium-sized sitar-like neck with about 20 metal frets, which are meant to guide the hand placement of the player. The neck holds a long wooden rack of 12-15 sympathetic strings. The dilruba has four main strings, all made of metal. [7] The soundboard is a stretched piece of goatskin similar to what is found on a sarangi ...
The last of the line of rababis was Bhai Chand. During the 20th century CE the instrument's use in Sikh kirtan was eclipsed by the harmonium but it has been revived. [9] Sikh rababis used to perform kirtan regularly at Amritsar before the partition of India in 1947, after which many of the rababis migrated to what became Pakistan. [10]
Musical instruments of the Indian subcontinent can be broadly classified according to the Hornbostel–Sachs system into four categories: chordophones (string instruments), aerophones (wind instruments), membranophones (drums) and idiophones (non-drum percussion instruments).
Instruments used in this art are known as “tanti saaj” (stringed instruments; ਤੰਤੀ ਸਾਜ਼). The majority of these instruments had been invented by the Sikh Gurus. They include: the 'Firandia' Rabab, Saranda, Jori, Pakhaawaj, Taus, and the Dilruba. Etymologically , the word " shabad" is derived from the Sanskrit word Shabda ...
The dilruba was created some 300 years ago by the 10th Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh, who based it on the much older, and heavier, Taus. [2] [3] This made it more convenient for the Khalsa, the Sikh army, to carry the instrument on horseback. [1] According to the folklore, the esraj was created by Ishwari Raj, a musician who lived in Gayadam.
The Sikh Confederacy was the catalyst for a uniquely Sikh form of expression, with Ranjit Singh commissioning forts, palaces, bungas (residential places) and colleges in a Sikh style. Sikh architecture is characterised by gilded fluted domes, cupolas, kiosks, stone lanterns, ornate balusters and square roofs.
The Harmonium replaced the Sarangi in the early 20th century and went through tough times as it first was banned as accompanying instrument by All India Radio (A.I.R). Hindustani classical music exponents such as Walawalkar (and many others) established the Harmonium as solo instrument in Indian Classical music.