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In the early 19th century, the harmonium began to be used amongst local musicians, eventually including Sikhs, in the Indian subcontinent; however, its adoption would have devastating impacts on native Sikh instruments. [1] The harmonium was easy to learn and play, plus it was easily transported, which led to it becoming popular and eventually ...
After the introduction of the harmonium to the Indian Subcontinent by the British Raj, the dilruba fell out of use due to its comparatively steeper learning curve. In more recent times, it has had a resurgence, accompanying ragis in the Harmandir Sahib ( Golden Temple ) since 2006, [ 5 ] and becoming more commonly taught within India and around ...
Musical instruments of the Indian subcontinent can be broadly classified according to the Hornbostel–Sachs system into four categories: chordophones (string instruments), aerophones (wind instruments), membranophones (drums) and idiophones (non-drum percussion instruments).
The harmonium is an important instrument in many genres of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi music. It is used in many South Asian musical genres including North Indian classical music forms like Dhrupad and Kheyal , Sufi Muslim Qawwali music, Hindu and Sikh devotional ( bhakti ) music ( Bhajan and Kirtan ), as well as Folk music , Filmi ...
The last of the line of rababis was Bhai Chand. During the 20th century CE the instrument's use in Sikh kirtan was eclipsed by the harmonium but it has been revived. [9] Sikh rababis used to perform kirtan regularly at Amritsar before the partition of India in 1947, after which many of the rababis migrated to what became Pakistan. [10]
The dilruba was created some 300 years ago by the 10th Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh, who based it on the much older, and heavier, Taus. [2] [3] This made it more convenient for the Khalsa, the Sikh army, to carry the instrument on horseback. [1] According to the folklore, the esraj was created by Ishwari Raj, a musician who lived in Gayadam.
The harmonium was considered by Curt Sachs to be an important instrument for music of Romanticism (1750s–1900), which "vibrated between two poles of expression" and "required the overwhelming power and strong accents of wind instruments". [2] Harmonium compositions are available by European and American composers of classical music.
Attendees may wear traditional clothing and the performers use instruments like the Indian harmonium, drums, and string instruments of various types mostly "Zanz", "chipali", "Tal" or "Chimata". Naradiya kirtan performers are usually very learned in literature, music, dance, acting and comedy.