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Prostatitis is an umbrella term for a variety of medical conditions that incorporate bacterial and non-bacterial origin illnesses in the pelvic region. In contrast with the plain meaning of the word (which means "inflammation of the prostate"), the diagnosis may not always include inflammation .
Chronic bacterial prostatitis is thought to be caused by ascending urethral infection and by reflux into the ejaculatory duct or prostatic ducts. [7] Risk factors for chronic bacterial prostatitis include functional or anatomic abnormalities, catheterization, prostate biopsy or urethritis (due to sexually transmitted infections), and unprotected penetrative anal sex. [7]
In acute prostatitis, penetration of the prostate is not as important as for category II because the intense inflammation disrupts the prostate-blood barrier. It is more important to choose a bactericidal antibiotic (kills bacteria, e.g., a fluoroquinolone antibiotic) rather than a bacteriostatic antibiotic (slows bacterial growth, e.g ...
Though urinary tract infections in men are rare, bacterial infection is the most common cause of acute epididymitis. [6] The bacteria in the urethra back-track through the urinary and reproductive structures to the epididymis. In rare circumstances, the infection reaches the epididymis via the bloodstream. [7]
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Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), previously known as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, is long-term pelvic pain and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without evidence of a bacterial infection. [3] It affects about 2–6% of men. [3] Together with IC/BPS, it makes up urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). [4]
Acute prostatitis and chronic bacterial prostatitis are treated with antibiotics. [28] Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis, or male chronic pelvic pain syndrome is treated by a large variety of modalities including the medications alpha blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and amitriptyline, [28] antihistamines, and other anxiolytics. [29]
Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis is a painless inflammation of the prostate gland where there is no evidence of infection. [1] It should be distinguished from the other categories of prostatitis characterised by either pelvic pain or evidence of infection, such as chronic bacterial prostatitis, acute bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). [2]