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Frontal sinus. Each frontal sinus is situated between the external and internal plates of the frontal bone. [1] [2] Their average measurements are as follows: height 28 mm, breadth 24 mm, depth 20 mm, creating a space of 6-7 ml. [3]
Pneumocephalus and comminuted fracture of the frontal sinus Pneumocephalus is the presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity . It is usually associated with disruption of the skull : after head and facial trauma , tumors of the skull base, after neurosurgery or otorhinolaryngology , and rarely, spontaneously.
For example, fractures of the orbital floor or medial orbital wall of the eye can entrap the medial rectus or inferior rectus muscles. [29] In facial wounds, tear ducts and nerves of the face may be damaged. [3] Fractures of the frontal bone can interfere with the drainage of the frontal sinus and can cause sinusitis. [30]
A basilar skull fracture typically requires a significant degree of trauma to occur. [1] It is defined as a fracture of one or more of the temporal, occipital, sphenoid, frontal or ethmoid bone. [1] Basilar skull fractures are divided into anterior fossa, middle fossa and posterior fossa fractures. [1] Facial fractures often also occur. [1]
A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull, usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma.If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes, blood vessels, and brain.
In addition, the highest rate of injury is among children ages 0–14 and adults age 65 and older. [29] Brain injuries that include brain damage can also be brought on by exposure to toxic chemicals, lack of oxygen, tumors, infections, and stroke. [ 30 ]
In the human skull, the frontal bone or sincipital bone is a unpaired bone which consists of two portions. [1] These are the vertically oriented squamous part , and the horizontally oriented orbital part , making up the bony part of the forehead , part of the bony orbital cavity holding the eye, and part of the bony part of the nose respectively.
The frontonasal duct is a duct through which either frontal sinus drains into the nasal cavity. [2] [3] Each frontal sinus opens into the frontonasal duct by an opening (the opening of frontal sinus or frontal sinus aperture [4]) on the inferomedial part [3] of the floor of the sinus. [4]