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  2. Thermoeconomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoeconomics

    Thermoeconomics, also referred to as biophysical economics, is a school of heterodox economics that applies the laws of statistical mechanics to economic theory. [1] Thermoeconomics can be thought of as the statistical physics of economic value [ 2 ] and is a subfield of econophysics .

  3. Abiotic component - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiotic_component

    In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.

  4. Three-sector model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-sector_model

    Three sectors according to Fourastié Clark's sector model This figure illustrates the percentages of a country's economy made up by different sector. The figure illustrates that countries with higher levels of socio-economic development tend to have less of their economy made up of primary and secondary sectors and more emphasis in tertiary sectors.

  5. Metabolic rift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_rift

    Metabolic rift is a theory of ecological crisis tendencies under the capitalist mode of production that sociologist John Bellamy Foster ascribes to Karl Marx.Quoting Marx, Foster defines this as the "irreparable rift in the interdependent process of social metabolism".

  6. Economic methodology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_methodology

    the definition of economics [2] the scope of economics as defined by its methods [3] fundamental principles and operational significance of economic theory [4] methodological individualism versus holism in economics [5] the role of simplifying assumptions such as rational choice and profit maximizing in explaining or predicting phenomena [6]

  7. Economic Theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econ_Theory

    Economic Theory is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on theoretical economics, particularly social choice, general equilibrium theory, and game theory. Mathematically rigorous articles are also published in the fields of experimental economics , public economics , international economics , development economics , and industrial ...

  8. List of unsolved problems in economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Standard economic theory suggests that in relatively open international financial markets, the savings of any country would flow to countries with the most productive investment opportunities; hence, saving rates and domestic investment rates would be uncorrelated, contrary to the empirical evidence suggested by Martin Feldstein and Charles ...

  9. Nutrient cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient_cycle

    A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of inorganic and organic matter back into the production of matter. Energy flow is a unidirectional and noncyclic pathway, whereas the movement of mineral nutrients is cyclic.